A Dirty Job Chapter 3

3 Underneath THE NUMBER FORTY-ONE BUS It was fourteen days before Charlie left the loft and strolled down to the auto-teller on Columbus Avenue where he previously killed a person. His weapon of decision was the number forty-one transport, on its way from the Trans Bay station, by the Bay Bridge, to the Presidio, by the Golden Gate Bridge. In case you will get hit by a transport in San Francisco, you need to go with the forty-one, since you can practically figure on there being a pleasant scaffold see. Charlie hadn't generally depended on murdering a person that morning. He had wanted to get a few twenties for the register at the second hand shop, check his parity, and possibly get some yellow mustard at the store. (Charlie was not an earthy colored mustard sort of fellow. Earthy colored mustard was what might be compared to skydiving †it was alright for race-vehicle drivers and sequential executioners, yet for Charlie, a scarcely discernible difference of French's yellow was all the zest that life required.) After the memorial service, companions and family members had left a heap of cold cuts in Charlie's ice chest, which was all he'd eaten for as long as about fourteen days, yet now he was down to ham, dull rye, and premixed Enfamil equation, none of which was middle of the road without yellow mustard. He'd made sure about the yellow crush jug and felt more secure now with it in his coat pocket, yet when the transport hit the person, mustard totally escaped Charlie's attent ion. It was a warm day in October, the light had gone pre-winter delicate over the city, the late spring mist had stopped its tireless creep out of the Bay every morning, and there was simply enough breeze that the couple of boats that spotted the Bay seemed as though they may have been posturing for an Impressionist painter. In the brief instant that Charlie's casualty understood that he was being run over, he probably won't have been upbeat about the occasion, yet he was unable to have picked a more pleasant day for it. The person's name was William Creek. He was thirty-two and functioned as a market examiner in the monetary locale, where he had been going that morning when he chose to stop at the auto-teller. He was wearing a light fleece suit and running shoes, his work shoes were tucked into a cowhide handbag under his arm. The handle of a minimized umbrella distended from the side pocket of the travel bag, and it was this that grabbed Charlie's eye, for while the handle of the umbrella had all the earmarks of being made of artificial pecan burl, it was sparkling a dull red as though it had been warmed in a produce. Charlie remained in the ATM line making an effort not to see, attempting to seem uninterested, yet he really wanted to gaze. It was gleaming, for the good of fuck, didn't anybody see it? William Creek looked behind him as he slid his card into the machine, saw Charlie taking a gander at him, at that point attempted to will his suit coat to venture into extraordinary manta-beam wings to obstruct Charlie's view as he entered in his PIN number. Rivulet grabbed his card and the expectorated money from the machine, turned, and made a beeline for the corner. Charlie couldn't stand it any more. The umbrella handle had started to throb red, similar to a pulsating heart. As Creek arrived at the check, Charlie stated, â€Å"Excuse me. Reason me, sir!† At the point when Creek turned, Charlie stated, â€Å"Your umbrella †â€Å" By then, the number forty-one transport was getting through the convergence at Columbus and Vallejo at around thirty-five miles for each hour, calculating toward the control for its next stop. Brook looked down at the travel bag under his arm where Charlie was pointing, and the impact point of his running shoe got the slight ascent of the control. He began to lose his parity, the kind of thing we as a whole would do on some random day while strolling through the city, stumble on a break in the walkway and find a way to recapture harmony, however William Creek made just one stride. Back. Off the check. You can't generally gloss over it now, can you? The number forty-one transport creamed him. He flew a decent fifty feet through the air before he hit the back window of a SAAB like an extraordinary coat sack of meat, at that point skiped back to the asphalt and started to overflow liquids. His possessions †the handbag, the umbrella, a gold tie bar, a Tag Heuer watch †skittered on down the road, ricocheting off tires, shoes, sewer vent covers, some stopping almost a traffic light away. Charlie remained at the control attempting to relax. He could hear a tooting sound, similar to somebody was blowing a toy train whistle †it was everything he could hear, at that point somebody ran into him and he understood it was the sound of his own cadenced whining. The person †the person with the umbrella †had quite recently been cleared out of the world. Individuals surged, gathered around, twelve were yelping into PDAs, the transport driver about straightened Charlie as he hurried down the walkway toward the gore. Charlie stumbled after him. â€Å"I was simply going to ask him †â€Å" Nobody took a gander at Charlie. It had taken the entirety of his will, just as a motivational speech from his sister, to leave the condo, and now this? â€Å"I was simply going to disclose to him that his umbrella was on fire,† Charlie stated, as though he was disclosing to his informers. Be that as it may, nobody charged him, truly. They ran by him, some made a beeline for the body, some away from it †they batted him around and thought back, perplexed, similar to they'd slammed into a harsh air current or a phantom rather than a man. â€Å"The umbrella,† Charlie stated, searching for the proof. At that point he spotted it, practically down at the following corner, lying in the drain, despite everything shining red, throbbing like bombing neon. â€Å"There! See!† But individuals were accumulated around the dead man in a wide half circle, their hands to their mouths, and nobody was giving any consideration to the terrified slim man rambling jabber behind them. He cleared a path through the group toward the umbrella, decided presently to affirm his conviction, excessively far in stun to be apprehensive. At the point when he was just ten feet from it he looked into the road to ensure another transport wasn't preceding he wandered off the control. He thought back similarly as a sensitive, tar-dark hand wound out of the tempest channel and grabbed the smaller umbrella off the road. Charlie stepped back, glancing around to check whether anybody had seen what he had seen, yet nobody had. Nobody even looked. A police officer jogged by and Charlie got his sleeve as he passed, however when the cop spun around and his eyes went wide with disarray, at that point what had all the earmarks of being genuine fear, Charlie let him go. â€Å"Sorry,† he said. â€Å"Sorry. I can see you have work to do †sorry.† The cop shivered and pushed through the horde of spectators toward the battered assortment of William Creek. Charlie began running, across Columbus and up Vallejo, until his breath and heartbeat in his ears suffocated all the hints of the road. At the point when he was a street or two away from his shop an incredible shadow moved over him, similar to a low-flying airplane or an immense winged creature, and with it Charlie felt a chill vibrate up his back. He brought down his head, siphoned his arms, and adjusted the side of Mason similarly as the link vehicle was passing, brimming with grinning vacationers who looked directly through him. He looked up, only for a second, and he thought he saw something above, vanishing over the top of the six-story Victorian over the road, at that point he dashed through the front entryway of his shop. â€Å"Hey, boss,† Lily said. She was sixteen, pale, and somewhat base overwhelming †her developed lady structure still in motion between child fat and infant bearing. Today her hair happened to be lavender: fifties-housewife head protector hair in Easter-bushel cellophane pastel. Charlie was twisted around, inclining toward a case brimming with knick-knacks by the entryway, sucking in profound rough swallows of used store smell. â€Å"I †think †I †just †slaughtered †a †guy,† he wheezed. â€Å"Excellent,† Lily stated, overlooking similarly his message and his manner. â€Å"We're going to require change for the register.† â€Å"With a bus,† Charlie said. â€Å"Ray called in,† she said. Beam Macy was Charlie's other worker, a thirty-nine-year-old single man with an undesirable absence of limits between the Internet and reality. â€Å"He's traveling to Manila to meet the affection for his life. A Ms. LoveYouLongTime. Beam's persuaded that they are soul mates.† â€Å"There was something in the sewer,† Charlie said. Lily analyzed a chip in her dark nail clean. â€Å"So I slice school to cover. I've been doing that since you've been, uh, gone. I'm going to require a note.† Charlie stood up and advanced toward the counter. â€Å"Lily, did you hear what I said?† He snatched her by the shoulders, however she spun beyond his control. â€Å"Ouch! Fuck. Ease off, Asher, you sado crack, that is another tattoo.† She punched him in the arm, hard, and stepped back, scouring her own shoulder. â€Å"I heard, you. Stop your trippin', s'il vous plaã ®t.† Lately, since finding Baudelaire's Fleurs du Mal in a pile of trade-in books in the back room, Lily had been peppering her discourse with French expressions. â€Å"French better communicates the significant noirness of my existence,† she had said. Charlie put two hands on the counter to shield them from shaking, at that point talked gradually and purposely, similar to he was addressing somebody for whom English was a subsequent language: â€Å"Lily, I'm having sort of a terrible month, and I welcome that you are discarding your instruction so you can come here and estrange clients for me, yet in the event that you don't plunk down and show me a touch of screwing human goodness, at that point I will need to let you go.† Lily plunked down on the chrome-and-vinyl coffee shop stool behind the register and hauled her long lavender blasts out of her eyes. â€Å"So you need me to give close consideration to your admission to kill? Take notes, perhaps get an old tape recorder off the retire and get everything down on tape? You're stating that by attempting to overlook your undeniable distres

Socio Human Rights Zapatismo and Nationalism

Question: Examine about the Socio Human Rights for Zapatismo and Nationalism. Answer: Kolchanski's Aboriginal rights and remarks of Goodale and Gledhill inquiries of character and Zapatista Native rights are for the most part named as the privileges of Aboriginal individuals and they are identified with the rights in regards to specific zones and occupation. The privileges of the Aboriginal individuals incorporate the rights which were at that point appreciated before European attack. The early First Nation was obviously unmistakable from present occasions and the rights which were shaped are indigenous in nature. There are various gatherings of aboriginals and the rights may fluctuate between these gatherings. The rights center around religion, language, customs, practice of culture, self-government, self-assurance, exercises, assets, and land. The rights are allowed to them as a result of their home domains and occupation identified with their natural surroundings. Those rights likewise affect their current lawful and political frameworks. The social structures of Aboriginal individuals are not the same as other populace living in the nation just as they don't go unde r all locale rules when contrasted with non-Aboriginal populace in a nation (Indigenous Foundations, 2016). Zapatista is one of the aggressor and political gatherings, which is dynamic in the southern piece of Mexico. It follows radical belief system and it has its interest in Chiapas. A war has been announced against the legislature and military powers of Mexico bolster the belief system of communism and Marxism. The gathering has been named on the name of Commander Emiliano Zapata. The gathering primarily comprises of the indigenous network of the locale and has support from different indigenous and provincial networks. These people group are additionally upheld by some global and urban zones and they follow Zapatismo and Neozapatismo (Cultural Survival, 2016). Dambour Schools of Approach and Ishay contentions Michelline Ishay depicts the battle identified with human rights in his book. The battle has portrayed from Mesopotamian Codes to introduce day situation of globalization. The book comprises of the scholarly and chronicled advancements since ages and portrays the contentions in developments of social significance, armed forces and thoughts. As indicated by Ishay, innovative articulation, conventions and writings have assumed a significant job in the arrangement of human rights. It is considered as probably the best system identified with human rights: history and current situations. She had likewise referenced the beginning and the standpoint of European progress on human privileges of different nations during their colonization period. She additionally utilized political articulations, discourses, and works as confirmation in the book. Numerous discussions ascend because of her questionable book and shook the network of scholars, essayists and activists (Ishay, 2008). Ishay included discussions and discussions from the old archives identified with human rights, for example, the announcement of George W. Hedge. Also, the conversations in the book exhibited the consistency in various social orders of the world about mankind. Religions and conventions were talked about by the creator. Marie-Bndicte Dembour has depicted the essentials of human rights through various schools. Each school has a changed portrayal. The regular school characterizes human rights. The dissent school considers human rights as desires and claims for the abused and under-favored. Also, the researchers continually battle for human rights as they accept that a solitary success doesn't stop foul play. Talk school portrays effect of human rights in political issues. They don't bolster different schools yet concur human rights powerfully affect the present society (Willen, 2012; Dembour, 2010). Goodale, Surrendering to Utopia and Sikka Cultural relativism, Manheim and Ricoeur Ideology and Utopia, Douzinas Cosmopolitanism Imprint Goodale's work on human rights has been named as one of the most reasonable takes a shot at human rights and its effect on the current society. The present world is encircled by human rights and lawful, political, optimistic and expository viewpoints assume a significant job in the use of human rights. It very well may be expressed that the book is critical for different researchers identified with human rights. It might incorporate alumni understudies, researchers, non-anthropologists and anthropologists. The perceptions of the essayist are important, provocative and convincing as it portrays the utilization of ethnographic instruments to scrutinize the use of human rights (Douzinas, 2008). The book composed by Mannheim and Ricoeur depicted ideal world and belief system and connection between them. Significantly, all the academic works speak to belief system and disregard ideal world. The creators concur that perfect world is similarly significant and ought to be talked about. The creator attempts to expose belief system and show it. Mannheim advocates perfect world as one of the prime factors in human race. Besides, the other creator contends that perfect world can be considered as a remedial measure for the issues which are exhibited by philosophy. Both are considered as positive capacities for the creators. Crafted by Douzinas centers around the cosmopolitan culture which thinks about space for the conceivable commitment with the consideration of human rights. It supports such commitment (Goodale, 2010). Activism and globalization of Human rights in the year 2000, the change till today. Aporias of New innovations, Kurosawa's Activism of Globalization Globalization is named as the current circumstance of the world. It additionally implies that the entire world is considered as a solitary political economy and it works as a free market. Globalization has been changing the world since long occasions and the expansion in worldwide exchanging has given a stage to different individuals of various societies to collaborate. It has additionally assumed a basic job in satisfying dreams of numerous individuals. The chain response has globalized media too. Along these lines, in nutshell, market and globalization have bolstered numerous ventures to grow their business. The article centers around the intensity of worldwide organizations in misusing the assets in a nation and disrupting norms in regards to privileges of the local populace. For instance, lands from ranchers are being grabbed in creating nations in the namesake of industrialization and globalization. The creator portrays that colonization has been supplanted by globalization of t hese organizations where they attempt to devour national riches, HR, and common assets. Choices are made in corporate board rooms in created nations as opposed to association of neighborhood network. Creators, for example, Kurosawa have introduced the evil impacts of globalization on the creating nations and have delineated the predicament of abused and tormented individuals because of amazing rule of these organizations (Deslandes King, 2006). Be that as it may, new innovations and online networking have changed the method of rehearsing human rights in an unpredictable way. It causes occurrences and occasions to circulate around the web and have most extreme inclusion (Ishay, 2008). Douzinas says that the short out between human rights as philosophy and Human rights as evaluate is finished. The finish of human rights matches with their ascent The creator Douzinas have clarified about the effect of human rights in this day and age. Worldwide legislative issues have been enormously impacted by human rights. Worldwide request has been guarded and sorted out by compassion. In the book, the writer reappropriates human rights and recognizes it from the gathering who needs to uphold human rights. The whole depiction is arranged into two sections where the initial segment includes ontological cases. Douzinas attempts to portray human rights as a structure apparatus for subjectivity. He gives the explanation that it is the human rights that help the presence of human race and humankind doesn't convey anything as per human rights (Langlois, 2013). Creator contrasts the relationship of human rights and neoliberal free enterprise where he finds that the topic of human rights is getting strayed from engaging social foul play to being a device for globalization. He expresses that extreme fairness is a higher priority than independence in human rights. Also, he affirms to the point of amalgamation of profound quality and force for organizing human rights. He portrays the job of rising realm in the persecution of human rights for their advantages. He underpins idealistic cosmopolitanism yet has not prevailing to help the idea in a legitimate way. Fighting unfairness through radical correspondence is troublesome and less down to earth (Sargent, 2008). References Social Survival. (2016). Indigenous Identity at the Margin: Zapatismo and Nationalism. Recovered august 19, 2016, from Culturalsurvival.org: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/indigenous-character edge zapatismo-and-patriotism Dembour, M.- B. (2010). What Are Human Rights? Four Schools of Thought. Human Rights Quarterly, 32(1), 1-20. Deslandes, A., King, D. (2006). Self-sufficient activism and the worldwide equity development. Diary of Sociology, 42(3), 310327. Douzinas, C. (2008). Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism. Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish. Goodale, M. (2010). Giving up to Utopia: An Anthropology of Human Rights. Stanford University Press. Indigenous Foundations. (2016). Native Rights. Recovered august 19, 2016, from Indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca: https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/land-rights/native rights.html Ishay, M. R. (2008). The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era (second ed.). College of California Press. Langlois, A. J. (2013, July 29). Seven Counter-proposals on Human Rights. Recovered august 19, 2016, from Criticallegalthinking.com: https://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/07/29/seven-counter-postulations on-human-rights/ Chief, L. T. (2008). Belief system and ideal world: Karl Mannheim and Paul Ricoeur. Diary of Politic

The Champaign Summer

The Champaign Summer I returned home last summer after my first year at Illinois  to work, catch up with old friends, and relax. I needed it. This year, however, I decided I was ready for a new experience: the Champaign Summer. I wanted to spend my summer here in sunny Champaign-Urbana for a few reasons: 1. To become more independent. This, frankly, is the biggest reason why I made the move to Champaign. While I enjoyed living at home last summer, I knew I was ready for even more independence throughout the year. So far, that has proven to be true in more ways than I anticipated. I’m now in charge of all of my meals (I was on a meal plan this past school year), my schedule (I often work from home for my internship), and essentially all other “adult” things that you can be doing at 19. Im no celebrity chef yet, but Im on my way. 2. Champaign is the perfect bridge between home and a big city. Champaign, to me, felt like the perfect bridge between going back home to Connecticut and spending the summer in a major city. One of my favorite parts about Illinois is that it offers opportunities year round for all students. For example, I am a business development intern at a startup website and am taking a few classes through a local community college. My roommate is interning at a Fortune 100 company in our Research Park, and another friend is taking chemistry classes through the summer options available at Illinois. Therefore, for many students, staying on campus is a great way to get ahead and experience our university in a whole new way. Research Park at Illinois 3. You can explore C-U a lot more during the summer. There’s a lot to do here in Champaign-Urbana, and most students probably don’t know/experience a lot of it due to their commitments during the school year. I’ve already taken the time to explore a bit more of the trendy downtowns of both Champaign and Urbana, our local nature (check out Barnhart Prairie Restoration), and some new restaurants on Green Street and beyond. There’s a lot going on here all year long, and summer is a great time to look around. Downtown Champaign Over the course of the summer I’ll spend more time delving into each of these topics, but I thought I’d start with my pitch for Champaign. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Essay about Capital Punishment Speech - 562 Words

Capital Punishment Speech Capital punishment is a barbarous survival from a less enlightened and refined age; it is incongruous and incompatible with our present standard of civilization and humanity. It has been abolished by many states and countries, and we must look forward to the day when the other governments will follow suit. The arguments against capital punishment are many and credible, but the pleas advanced in its favor are few and unfounded. Punishment is supposed to be for the protection of society, and for the reformation and rehabilitation of the wrongdoer. Its purpose is to protect society by preventing the same criminals from repeating their crimes, and by acting as a†¦show more content†¦Further, such uncertainty attends the consummation of the death sentence -- due to the natural hesitation and inclination to the mercy of the judge and jury, to the chances of reprieve-- that this penalty is far less deterrent than are those penalties which, though less severe, are also more certain. But are there not other and more effective deterrents? Like specific rehabilitation programs, which in comparison with capital punishment is seen to be a lot less clumsy and very effective. Capital punishment is irrevocable, and the errors of justice cannot be rectified. All possibility of reconsideration is taken away. Innocent persons have been hanged, and judge, jury, and the whole legal machinery involved have thereby been made privy to the very crime they sought to punish. In view of the very uncertain and unequal character of our merely human endeavors to meet out justice, no proceedings of ours should be of this irrevocable character. Capital punishment sins most by depriving the culprit of his chances of reformation. Our duty to society is fulfilled by isolating the dangerous man for so long as he may continue to be dangerous. As for deterrent action, this should be compassed, not by fear, but by reformative and protective measures in our social policy. The only way to destroy a criminal is by reforming the man who is a criminal. To destroy the persons life is nothing short ofShow MoreRelated Speech In Favor Capital Punishment1282 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech In Favour Of Capital Punishment Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death and has been used in Britain since the 5the century. It was not until 1964 that capital punishment was abolished and this has been described by many historians as Britains worst decision in over 500 years. 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The Power Of An Illusion, California Newsreel And Its Co...

In Race: The Power of an Illusion, California Newsreel and its co-director Larry Adelman crafted a documentary that is both accessible and sophisticated. Making use of state-of-the-art scientific, historical, and social-scientific accounts, the series was about the crew being on a detailed tour of a wide range of attitudes and beliefs about race. It exposes the many misconceptions and inadequacies of the common sense views into which we have all been deeply socialized. Most notably, the series explains and uses genetic mapping and recent advances in human genomics to demonstrate the enormous variability within racially defined groups that supposedly share key corporeal characteristics; it links the racialization of U.S. society to the historical processes that created modern North America—colonization and settlement, slavery, migration, etc.; and it explores and analyzes the reproduction of racial inequality, as well as concepts of racial difference, in the recent past and, in deed, in the present. It effectively and accessibly anatomizes racial segregation, stratification, privilege and disadvantage, violence, fear, and guilt in the United States. Episode 1, â€Å"The difference between us† followed a dozen students, including Black athletes and Asian string players, who sequence and compare their own DNA to see who is more genetically similar. The results surprise the students and myself, when they discover their closest genetic matches are as likely to be with people from

Chalice Chapter 10 Free Essays

string(29) " her concentration was gone\." She had waited what seemed rather a long time with her head bowed, hoping that he would go away, waited until she began to worry that there was some ritual gesture that was now hers to make that he was waiting for. She raised her head at last, reluctantly, and found him staring at her with an intensity she disliked a great deal. â€Å"I hoped,† he said with a diffidence she was sure was feigned, â€Å"that you might have a little time for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Chalice Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Involuntarily she glanced at the book still open on the table. The driest record of a thousand-year-old court award ceremony would have been preferable to spending time with Horuld, and what she was reading did not merely interest her but drew her almost feverishly. She had not seen the Master for private speech since his first meeting with Horuld, although she often felt his presence in the earthlines, and she wondered what he thought of his Heir, and what he was, or wasn’t, doing to make his Heir acceptable to the demesne. She realised in the shock of Horuld’s unexpected and unwanted presence that part of her feverishness to learn about outblood Heirs was that she suspected the Master of trying to persuade the demesne to find Horuld satisfactory, even desirable. This was only what a responsible Master would do, but†¦. â€Å"Of course,† she said, after too long a pause. â€Å"Chalice and Heir must† – she stumbled over her attempt to find words she could bring herself to say – â€Å"be acquainted.† And she went with him. But when he offered her his arm she pretended not to see, and instead folded her own arms in the ritual shape of a Chalice without a chalice. elbows tucked closely in, wrists crossed and hands loosely clasped. It had only ever been something to do with her hands on those fortunately few occasions when the Chalice was expected to attend but with no cup to present; today it felt like warding. He had nothing to say to her; nothing of substance. She kept waiting for him to reveal his purpose – the purpose that was keeping her away from her reading – and answered as briefly as possible, almost falling into monosyllables and then remembering with an effort that she had to be polite to him; trying to prevent her mind wandering from his pointless remarks about the weather, about the picture or ornament in this or that hallway of the House, about that bird which had sat singing outside the House when he arrived. At each new topic she would jerk her attention back to focus, expecting to hear what he wished to speak about at last. The weather? Was there an omen in it? There were those who could read the future in the shape of the clouds, or said they could – although the Weatheraugur, whom Mirasol thought wistfully she rather liked, said this was nonsense. The painting of the yellow fruit outside one of the lesser meeting rooms – she’d always tho ught it rather dull herself – had it perhaps belonged to the forebear Horuld could trace his Heirship to, and he was suggesting that it should be more prominently displayed? The bird – he couldn’t be talking about a redsong, could he? Redsongs were commoner than mud in a wet season. If he was trying to imply that a redsong singing for his arrival meant the demesne welcomed him, he was a fool. He went on and on. As Chalice – and she did not plan ever to be Mirasol for this man – she could not be asked to sit and chat, so they had to stand or keep moving. They paced slowly through the House and then he took her for a stroll around the gardens, remarking on a shrub or a flower as if imparting some new perception, while she felt half mad from boredom, and from his extreme ignorance of plants. It occurred to her to wonder if anyone so ignorant could be Master; no garden would flourish under the weight of such ineptitude, which would put a greater burden on the gardeners and the rest of the Circle. And yet Horuld’s animation seemed to increase the longer he held her prisoner. He caught her eye every opportunity he had – and she felt she had to meet his eyes occasionally – and smiled as if he believed she was happy in his company. Once or twice she caught him looking at her in a way†¦she had to be imagining it; no Chalice and Master, nor Master’s Heir, could†¦but the look made her long for the heavy camouflaging Chalice’s robes, when ordinarily she was extremely grateful to be free of them for a day. She finally managed to stop at one of the gates to the garden and resist being swept any farther. She did not know how she could take leave of him; she’d been clutching the formality of the Chalice to her with her clasped hands against her breast and therefore had to maintain the Chalice’s character. She was sure a Chalice could not dismiss an Heir, but she didn’t know how to get rid of him, and he gave the impression that he would cling to her forever if she did not. So she stopped and stood and bowed her head and refused to meet his eyes for several minutes – her heart beating in her throat in fear of the terrible insult she might be offering – and at last he thanked her for the noble condescension of her company – ugh, she thought, keeping her face blank – and bowed several times as he backed away from her. Backed away from her, she thought, troubled, when he finally seemed to have gone away and left her alone, and she risked raisin g her head again. Backed away. What had she given him that he was so pleased with? She half ran back to the library, but her concentration was gone. You read "Chalice Chapter 10" in category "Essay examples" She read a little more, about mixtures to be thought of when dealing with outblood Heirs, when the Master was present and when he was not, how both to delimit and to integrate such an Heir’s place in the demesne. And then she shut the book and picked up another, smaller book that she could take with her back to her cottage. Perhaps reading within the sound of her bees would help bring her mind back to her business again; she would be positively glad of some ordinary unexpected visitor hoping for help or honey†¦. She didn’t understand why she felt such a sense of doom. All that had happened was that she had lost two hours to a nonentity†¦except that he wasn’t a nonentity. He was little enough in himself, but he was the Overlord’s pawn and a danger to her demesne, and to her Master. The walk back to her cottage settled her nerves a little; enough, at least, that she could open her new book and begin to read it without missing every other word. The amount of reading she did now was yet another of the strains of being Chalice. Her mother had taught her to read, and she had a few record books of this little corner of the demesne’s woods (she kept telling herself she should pass these on to the new keepers, but she never quite got round to it), her father’s account books, and one of the lives and meanings and symbolism of the trees of the demesne. She had used this when she had planted trees for her bees – birch, beech and hawthorn, but also a parasol tree. There hadn’t been a parasol tree outside the House gardens in generations, but the one at the edge of her meadow was already twice as tall as she was, and her bees adored its flowers. Most important she had her mother’s receipt book, which had been her grandmother’s and her great-grandmother’s before that. It contained brisk notations of three generations of beekeeping which backed what her mother had taught her and therefore made some of the inevitable moments of learning by experience a little less overwhelming. It furthermore included things like how to tan leather and how to mix clay and straw for bricks and then how to bake them, useful things that any member of the small folk of the demesne might want to know. But barring a little burst of winter weeks when she had studied the tree book she had never spent real time reading. Till she became Chalice. Her eyes were often tired now, but worse her mind was tired; she felt that the shape of her memory had been laid down when she’d learnt bees and woodcraft, and that neither shape readily held books or Chalice. She was not old, but she was old for learning something that should have begun when she was young. It was cold early this year. She got up to close the door and the windows and to light the laid fire. Other years she might have worried that her bees would stop producing honey too soon, and that she would have difficulty bringing them through the winter. Perhaps there were advantages to being Chalice after all. But then bees which had (apparently) stopped building combs for their honey so as to let it pour out for their Chalice might not remember how to start again in time to manufacture sufficient winter stores. She would have to count how many colonies she was taking honey from and do some sums. I don’t think I have enough shelf space for that much honey, if I have to feed them, she thought, let alone enough jars. The memory of the time she had spent in Horuld’s company still lay like a burden on her. But would it have been any better if she were still only a woodskeeper who also kept bees? She had always cared passionately about the demesne. Not all its folk did; some of them figured demesne business was for the Master and the great folk of the House and the Circle, not the ordinary small folk of barn and field, woodright and lake, even House kitchen and stable. But then many of the ordinary demesne folk did not feel the earthlines as she always had – as her parents both had, although not as strongly as she did. If she had not become Chalice, she would have been one of the people standing around the House doors the day the new Master had come home from Fire. And she would not have liked the look of the Heir, even as a woodskeeper. And as a woodskeeper she could have done nothing about it. The problem was that she doubted there was anything she could do about it even as Chalice. Why did this afternoon with Horuld lie on her so, as if it would stop her breath? She shivered. She went to the door and opened it. She could not hear her bees any more; they had wisely withdrawn into their warm hives. She took a deep breath of the suddenly winter air. There were even a few snowflakes falling, nearly a month earlier than usual. She found herself worrying whether the early cold had anything to do with a new Master who used to be a priest of Fire. She went back indoors again and moved the kettle over the centre of the fire. She’d have hot water with a little mead and a little honey in it, which she liked better than any tisane, and keep reading. The terrible need to learn – to learn something, she did not know what – about Heirs continued to pull at her. She didn’t know if she had brought the right book with her, but it had been the book her hand had fallen on, and she’d come to follow such signs, now she was Chalice, having no mentor to give her better guidance. It was late when she found it. She should have gone to bed over an hour before, but in her mind there was still the little nagging voice telling her to keep on, that she hadn’t found it yet, that she had to find it. And so she kept on. She was so blind to everything by then – blind with reading, blind with anxiety, blind with a too-narrow focus of concentration – that she almost missed it. And so it was that the Heir was installed to great rejoicing amongst all the folk of the demesne, and all saw that the choice of Heir had been a wise one, for all that his outbloodedness had been great, and there had been those who had doubted he could be made of the demesne as a Master must be. But the Overlord had chosen his seers well, and they had read the earthlines truly, and the earthlines had told him where to look, that the Heir-blood ran to this man and not some other. And the demesne flourished from the moment his hand was laid upon it, and there was no hindrance nor turbulence, no discontent in tree nor well, no revolt in beast nor human. And the Overlord was pleased, because this gained him both praise and power, that he should have chosen so perfectly; but there were those who had watched and considered all, who said that it was less to do with the sagacity and good judgement of the Overlord and his seers than with the profound pragmatism of the marriage of the Heir to his Chalice. This convention is not well known, for it is so awfully and fearfully against what is well known, which is that the Master must not marry nor otherwise fondly touch his Chalice in any analogous manner, for the Chalice’s power is to bind and the Master’s to rule, and mixed they create an abominable disharmony, for they make weight and stillness when there should be lightness and motion. But in a state of disharmony, as an outblood Master conjoined to a demesne, such a tie is the pair’s highest work, and creates a small harmony from a larger disharmony, from which a larger harmony may grow, in the shape of the child of their coupling who shall next be Master, and who shall call from the demesne by the strength of his inbred harmony the perfect Chalice to complement him. She had already begun to study the directions for the preparation of the cup that would enable such a connection to be made between Master and Chalice when it finally sank in what she had read. Marry Horuld! That was the reason Horuld wished to speak – had been directed to speak to her. That was the reason he had looked at her – She went to the door again and opened it, and half flung herself out into the cold clean-smelling darkness, away from the warmth of the cottage and the book she had been reading, which she suddenly felt must smell rotten, must be polluting the room it lay open in. She went back inside just long enough to shut it, tipping its cover over with the end of one finger, as if greater contact might make her ill. Then she wrapped herself in both her shawl and her cloak and went outdoors again, and walked, walked away, any way at all†¦. There was still snow in the air. She guessed it had been falling lightly, laconically, since she had first noticed it, but the ground was still too warm for it to lie. Some of the trees had a dusting of snow on their leaves. There had been no clear signs of a hard winter, and the harvest had come in safely with no more than the usual number of sudden storms. Thunderstorms, so long as they were not too destructive, were a sign of good luck; the very violence of them showed the strength in the harvest they raged over. In a harvest season with no storms the saying was that the crops were weak, and would give little nourishment. Fire of all things, she felt, was strong; she in common with many other of the Willowlands folk had feared too many storms at harvest rather than too few. The only lightning-set fire had been the one at Onora Grove. She lifted her face to the snowflakes and let them brush her skin – they felt a little like the feet of her bees – till they had swept away the murk of too much reading, till she felt like herself again. Marrying Horuld was no worry of hers. The demesne had a Master. She turned around, returned to her cottage, put an extra blanket on her bed, and slept dreamlessly. In the morning she tucked the book under her arm as if it had no power over her, and took it back to the House. There were other books to read, and she still needed to know as much as she could about outblood Heirs. The fearful little voice that had driven her to keep reading the night before had fallen silent; what she now wanted to know was if there was a way for a Chalice to say â€Å"sorry, I’m busy† to an outblood Heir who wanted to waste her time. When the shadow fell again across the door of the library, she gave an involuntary shiver, nearly a spasm, of revulsion – not again! But it wasn’t the Heir. It was the Grand Seneschal. It was no good reminding herself that a Chalice had only to stand for a standing Master; she had scrambled to her feet before she’d thought anything but uh-oh. Once standing all her possible ceremonial gestures deserted her and she merely blinked at him and tried not to worry. The Grand Seneschal did not like the library. This was a fact well known to the Housefolk, who also knew they were therefore unlikely to be caught up for it if the books were not tended properly. The result was that Mirasol had to wipe the dust, and occasional spiders, off almost every book she took down. Fortunately the House cats had no such reservations and there were no mouse nests (at least that Mirasol had found) behind decapitated bindings. She stood and blinked some more. If the Grand Seneschal had come to the library there must be some unexpected urgency for the Chalice. Uh-oh. But he only stood in the doorway and looked at her while she stood and looked at him. She was tired – she had had a very late night the night before – and she always had trouble dragging herself out of anything she was reading back into the real world, perhaps because reading was still difficult for her, or perhaps because, since she had become Chalice, she liked the real world less than she had. Eventually she tried a small bow. She’d never known him not to address her with grimmest formality, and here he was only standing there, as if he did not know how to begin. She finally thought of a suitable gesture, and touched her fingertips together and held her hands out toward him, in the ritual giving of first speech to another. Still he hesitated. At last he said, in a curious, almost jerky way, as if the words were ripped out of him, as if he had not chosen to speak at all, â€Å"I had thought you†¦concurred in my choice of Master. In my attempt to bring our Master home. Even that you welcomed him. That despite his formidable priesthood his true blood as the younger brother of the former Master was proof that he was yet best for our demesne†¦.† She was so amazed at the Grand Seneschal saying I and my and you to her that it took her a moment to translate what he was saying. The Grand Seneschal had never spoken to her directly before; he spoke forbiddingly and exclusively in the third person when he had to address her at all, and had never – she felt – let it be anything but clear that he only addressed her because she had somehow, incredible as it seemed, become Chalice, and the Grand Seneschal was, unfortunately, too often compelled to address the Chalice. And now he spoke to her directly – and as if in great grief. In his choice of Master? Those very early days of her Chalicehood were vague in her memory, with an overwhelming confusion and disbelief that even in retrospect made her wince and wish to avoid them. The Grand Seneschal’s letter had already been written and sent by the time she had begun to bear Chalice to the gatherings of the Circle, but even in her dazed and muddled state she’d been aware that not all the other Circle members had agreed with the Grand Seneschal’s decision. She could only remember hearing Prelate and Sunbrightener say as much aloud, but she was sure they were not the only ones. Perhaps the Grand Seneschal had been in the minority – he might, she thought, almost amused, be the only one, and had won his victory by mere force of character. The Grand Seneschal ranked third in the Circle hierarchy, after the Master and the Chalice, but he could not overbear the other nine – unless they let him. She had been surprised to discover that the Grand Seneschal had written to the priests of Fire, because it was not a level-headed, dispassionate thing to do. In other circumstances it might have made her like him. But there had been no level-headed thing to do, because the Master should not have died with no Heir. What else was there to do but seek his nearest blood relative? How could the Grand Seneschal think she did not support their Master? She dropped her hands. â€Å"But – I do – I would have no other Master.† She glanced at the book she had been reading, much as she had done when Horuld had interrupted her the day before; but she was not thinking that she wished to dismiss the Grand Seneschal because he disturbed her, only that she had not yet found a way to dismiss the Heir if he disturbed her again. â€Å"It is all over the demesne that you spent the day with the Heir yesterday.† â€Å"The day,† she said, appalled. â€Å"It was two hours – it felt like a century – if it had been an entire day I – I would have run away from Willowlands before sunset.† She did not think of how irresponsible (and impossible) a thing this was for a Chalice to say; only how best to express her revulsion against the Heir. Something that might almost have been a smile appeared on the Seneschal’s face, but disappeared again immediately, and the grief seemed to deepen. He did not sound accusatory when he spoke, only sad. â€Å"And that you held your hands clasped, as Chalice.† â€Å"Ye-es,† she said. â€Å"Yes – but I – I did not want to be Mirasol with that – man,† although as she said her own name she wondered if the Seneschal even knew it, or if he might think that Mirasol was some strange low slang common among minor woodskeepers. As if he did not know what else to do, the Seneschal wandered over to the table next to the one she stood beside, pulled out a chair and sat heavily down. She was clearly not bearing Chalice, so anyone might sit down in her presence without consequences, but this was still as out of character as the I and the you. Also the Seneschal always behaved with great precision, and he sat down with a thud, as if exhausted. â€Å"I feared it might be something like this,† he murmured. Louder he said, â€Å"Why did you not merely send him away?† â€Å"Send him away?† she said. â€Å"Send away the Heir? I only wish I could – that I knew how.† She looked at the book again. â€Å"I was hoping some book would tell me how, in case he comes back.† â€Å"How could you send away the Heir?† the Grand Seneschal said, almost gently. â€Å"By telling him to go. You, Mirasol, are Chalice. He is only Heir.† â€Å"But – â€Å" How to cite Chalice Chapter 10, Essay examples

Characterization of George Milton Essay Example For Students

Characterization of George Milton Essay George Milton Character Analysis George Milton is a protagonist from the book Of Mice and Men. George Milton is a quick-witted man who is Lennies guardian, best friend and protector. Georges physical description is described as quick of face with restless eyes and sharp strong features. Through the main character George Milton, John demonstrates his naturalistic ideals and belief in Determinism. He is illustrated by being a rational, caring and trustworthy person whose static characterization throughout the novel. George symbolizes the migrant workers way of life. He leads a nomadic existence, moving from ranch to ranch to find work. The only thing that keeps him going is his dream of owning his own ranch, although deep down he knows it is only an illusion and will never actually happen. He represents a responsible common man who takes care of another common man that has disabled with living life and reaches their dream together. Like most caregivers, George was extremely nice and caring to Lennie, most of the time. Miltons rationality and concern for Lennie urges him to ompel Lennie to remove the aged mouse from his pocket only because he knows that it is not healthy for him to be carrying it around. He would lose patience at times and ramble about what a hardship it was to drag Lennie everywhere. He needs Lennies friendship to stave off his major fear, which is loneliness. He is loyal to Lennie because he knows that he is an innocent but outwardly his attitude is one of intolerance. George has a strong understanding of the possibilities in a situation and, as Lennies self-appointed protector, he has to think and plan for him too. But deep down it was clear that their relationship was something they both needed. Georges personality often reflects both anger and understanding. He is the one who thinks things through and considers how their goals can be reached. Georges distinguishing personality traits, which he displays in the book, are compassion, cleverness and idealism. George faces various challenges throughout the novel, and Steinbecks vivid descriptions made his character come to life. Georges compassion played a major role in helping him overcome his challenges.

Comparison between six sigma and Total Quality Management

Even though six sigma and TQM are efficient apparatus for quality management, they have a number of differences. Six Sigma is a management plan initially designed by Motorola Company to develop the quality of production by recognizing and eliminating causes of failures. It was also designed to reduce inconsistencies in the production process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between six sigma and Total Quality Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The process was established by Bill Smith in the early 1920’s. on the other hand, Total Quality Management is a long-term effort made by workers to ensure customer satisfaction. It was developed by Deming, Juran, and Feigenbaum in the early 1920’s. Six sigma is not only designed for quality control, but also to improve customer satisfaction by reducing shortages. It also defines and improves production processes. This management plan can be used to assess the root cause of a setback and establish appropriate solutions. Conversely, TQM applies plan, data, and efficient communications to incorporate quality control into the culture and processes of a company. Six sigma has many methodologies including DMAIC, DMADV, and the 5Whys. A DMAIC plan method has five segments. The first step is the definition of the problem, customers’ demands, and project objectives. The second phase is to measure the main characteristics of the present process and gather relevant information. The third phase of DMAIC is the study of data followed by improving the present process depending on data analysis. The last phase is to control future processes as this will solve any problem which deviates from a company’s target. DMADV project methodology also has five stages. The first phase is to define goals that are in line with the requirements of consumer project strategy. The second phase is to measure and recognize CTQ’s, p roduct potentiality and dangers. Third step involves the analysis to create options. This is followed by designing details which involves the optimization and preparation for design authentication. The last step is to verify the design, execute production procedures, and present it to the proprietors of the process. In TQM, the customer establishes the level of quality. All the workers are also required to take part in the processes aimed at achieving objectives. It majorly focuses on the production thinking. This process involves a planned and systematic approach to attain an organization’s objectives. The main driving force of Total Quality Management is continual process enhancement.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It provides viable solutions for improvement and effective competition. The process of Six Sigma depends on the â€Å"5 Whys.† This exercise star ts with a statement of the setback followed by the identification of the root cause. Arguably, the 5 iterations of â€Å"Why† establishes the main cause of the setback. Six Sigma has a number of functions. For instance, senior managers are accountable for establishing the implementation of Six Sigma objectives. Campaigners jointly implement Six Sigma and provide guidance to black belts. Senior black belts recognized by campaigners provide in-house training on Six Sigma. Therefore, the process provides superior and efficient outcome compared to TQM. The process is also more precise and result oriented than TQM. The other difference is that Six Sigma is more complex than TQM as it requires highly trained personnel. This clearly explains why their trained workers are licensed as â€Å"green belts† or â€Å"black belts† according to their level of competency. In TQM further developments cannot be realized after reaching the saturation point while Six Sigma attains t he saturation level by instigating a next point quality process. This essay on Comparison between six sigma and Total Quality Management was written and submitted by user Bella M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Hobbit is a Unique Story essays

The Hobbit is a Unique Story essays Today, many readers think The Hobbit is one of the most unique novels in the twentieth century; on the other hand, some readers think this novel is not written based on Tolkiens own thoughts. There are many ancient texts associated with The Hobbit. People who have read about Norse, English, or Germanic mythology may find out that the story plots are related to The Hobbit. Nevertheless, Tolkien should not be considered a plagiarist. Although he employs various events and characters that are similar to those of ancient myths, his story is original. Tolkiens Smaug in The Hobbit has many precedents in ancient texts; however, Smaug acts differently compared to other dragons. Fafnir, an evil dragon in Volsunga Saga, is remarkably similar to Smaug. Both dragons have hard skin, hold treasures, and have the ability to spill flames, but unlike Smaug, Fafnir was originally a dwarf. They have different purposes for guarding their treasures; Smaug guards treasures for his own good, but Fafnir guards his father's house of glittering gold and flashing gems(14). Also, the English myth about St. George fighting the dragon, illustrates that the dragons Skin more hard than brass was found(33) except the weak spot under the right wing which was the only place where there were no scales(35), and that is similar to one of Smaugs traits. However, Smaugs weak spot is in the hollow of his left breast. In the end, both Smaug and the dragon in the English myth die differently because events are dissimilar. Smaug is killed by an arrow, but the other is slain by a spear straight at the fiery dragons jaws(34). Thus, Smaug is different from the dragons in the ancient texts. That makes Tolkiens story original. There are many main characters in The Hobbit that are somewhat similar to the characters in the ancient texts; however, they are different in the sense of their backg ...

Question about legal and ehical issue in health care Essay

Question about legal and ehical issue in health care - Essay Example The reaction of the managers and supervisors in the hospital where Gertrude was working as a head nurse can be deemed expected---if not evenhanded.   It can also be said that appropriate actions were taken to immediately resolve the protests; Charlotte, the clinical specialist, did not take the issue lightly; furthermore, she attempted to come up with the simplest solution by making an effort to have a discussion with Gertrude, hoping to have a clearer depiction on the complaints.   However, denial of all objections and refusal to admit that she was actually experiencing difficulties in relating to her colleagues did not help.   Her reluctance to communicate with her superior brought about the clinical specialist’s decision to seek the assistance of the seniors, which, in any aspect is ethically acceptable. Gertrude, unmistakably, has demonstrated competence, and that is obviously one of the major reasons for the heads of the hospital to give more consideration to her.   Despite countless criticisms, as an employee, she established an impression of being conscientious when it comes to her obligations. Consequently, she was given the chance to prove herself.   After listening to her contentions, her superiors understood how difficult it could have been for her to handle such overwhelming administrative duties.  Ã‚   Again, this may be reckoned as impartially agreeable. Considerate---that is probably how the action taken by the hospital heads can be construed.   It would have been partial had her superiors instantaneously dismissed her from the company where she has also given much of herself. Then again, Gertrude never showed significant glitch with responsibilities and was never evaluated as inadequate or inattentive.   It is thus explicable why her seniors did not show any hesitation to confer to her another opportunity to ascertain

The Persuasive Research Paper (You have the liberty of choosing the

The Persuasive (You have the liberty of choosing the specific topic) - Research Paper Example For the past many years, the internet has enhanced the capabilities of a common person to attain information on an international level. As the World Wide Web industry flourishes and broadens almost daily, new problems of censorship and free will of expression are mounting. Issues like the revelation of pornography to kids as well as the restricting the content to students have arisen huge controversies. Yet, these issues are just a handful of problems with the content accessible over the World Wide Web (Crystal 90). With the advent immense penetration of internet among the people, the potential of its material increases quickly, at an irrepressible rate. Why out of control? Because in a few cases there no censorship to that can be placed on the world wide web, what can sighted on the internet, and who can see what is uploaded on the internet. Hence, with the increasing number of users, the material uploaded on the internet grows too. Various people utilize the internet for various purposes without any worries, since they have the authority to. However, should everyone have access to these privileges? With all these masses employing the internet, shouldn’t there be a censorship of the content? The answer to these queries is debatable. For numerous reasons, there is no rigid determination of which consent is right, whether internet censorship is right or wrong   (Deibert 300). However, it is quite intricate to take unpretentious measures in this sensitive matter of internet censorship. Few people may think that specific content on the internet, which might be considered as indecent, are in fact beneficial to mature minds. Although younger audience is not prepared to attain access to such material that may cause immorality, however mature minds do not come across the same dilemma. Although, they may be prohibited from achieving what they require from the internet because of the possible presence of state

Ethical And Legal Analysis Of Mckinnon Case

Ethical And Legal Analysis Of Mckinnon Case This assignment I based upon an article published online on the 15th of May 2009 by popular computing Magazine PC Pro (see appendix A). The article discussed Gary McKinnon who has been accused of hacking a number of United States (US) NASA, Army, Navy, Department of Defence, and Air Force systems. His US prosecutors insist he was acting with malicious intent and that he caused damage worth over $700,000. McKinnon denies acting with malicious intent or that he caused that much damage, citing that his motivation was to search for evidence of secret free fuel, anti-gravity and UFO technologies. McKinnon has stated that the network security was weak and he was able to gain access due to network administrators failing to use secure passwords on high level administrative accounts. Once inside, McKinnon used readily available software called RemotelyAnywhere to take control of machines. The case study identifies that his search became an addiction which took over his life. Rationale The Gary McKinnon case sprung to the headlines in 2001, the media frenzy surrounding the case would support the tagline of the biggest military hack of all time. The case has been open for over nine years now and the end is not yet in sight; indicating that the legal issues within the case are both complex and in no way, easy to dissever. The extensive and drawn-out media coverage adds to the complexity of the issues surrounding the case. This case study has been chosen firstly as it covers a very current issue in hacking. It would seem that hacking cases would only increase in the future as more nations cross the digital divide. Electronic crime is difficult to police and further difficulties arise out of international crimes. The nature of electronic communication and the removal of physical boundaries provide complexities in electronic crime and the control of borderless technologies. This case study has been chosen as it is particularly exposed to ethical questioning as law does not adequately resolve this case. This case study has been chosen for ethical and legal analysis not just for its high profile. Numerous actors can be identified in this case to provide a solid base to apply a pragmatic analysis of ethical issues though the direction of ethical frameworks. Primary actors in this case are identified as the Gary McKinnon and the network administrators responsible for security. Secondary actors have been identified as the makers of RemotelyAnywhere, the software which allowed McKinnon to control machines so easily and the US military who were the owners of the networks and data stored there. Similarly, these actors provide a basis to identify legal issues inherent within the case study. There are sufficient suggestions to argue that laws have been broken by both primary actors in this case. Technology strides on through the digital age where the other side of the world is accessible at our fingertips and a mere four billion IP addresses are not fulfilling needs. For this reason, it cannot be helped but to feel that hacking cases will only increase in scale and/or frequency and perhaps the Gary McKinnon case will be surpassed in the future. At first glance this case appears to be a typical hacking case, where the person committing the offence is acting for purely personal reasons to commit fraud or otherwise take something which isnt theirs to take. However this case differs in that there is no reason to believe that McKinnon was acting with the intent to take anything which was not his or to gain any personal advantage from his actions. Actors objecting to McKinnons actions are those who were responsible for the security of the network and those who owned the network. Ethical Frameworks Modern day normative ethical frameworks are broadly divided into two. Deontology, based on moral intention and input, and conversely Teleology which is centred around the output and end result. Teleological Teleology is the philosophical stance that an action may be critiqued based upon its consequences. It is commonly thought of with the view that the end may justify the means (Edgar, 2002; Bynum and Rogerson, 2006; Weckert, 2007), therefore teleological frameworks are concerned with the end result of an action. Utilitarianism is a type of teleological theory, which emphasises that the end result is important rather than the intentions of an individual. Its main principle is specifically to seek to maximise happiness through consequences (Spinello, 1995). It therefore claims that an action may be judged based wholly upon its usefulness in bringing about happiness. Speaking on utilitarianism it was observed by Velasquez (1992) that the principle assumes all benefits and costs of an action can be measured on a common numerical scale of moral calculus (p.61). To what constitutes happiness and its worth would largely depend upon the individual critiquing the action. For example McKinnon may argue that his happiness in doing this for so long was far greater than the unhappiness caused for the US Government who has lots of money and resources, yet the utilitarian frame work aims to maximise the greatest happiness of all those whose interest is in question. (Lyons, 2003 p.27). So everyone affected must come into consideration, this includes: the network administrators, the US government, McKinnon and the makers of RemotelyAnywhere. It can be argued that McKinnon was attempting to maximise happiness by uncovering secret technologies. However a utilitarian framework is only concerned with the happiness actually brought about as a result from an action (Spinello, 1995) rather than intent. Whilst McKinnon is the primary actor and the main benefiter, in the article he is quoted as saying I think I wanted to be caught, because it was ruining me (Turton, 2009). This indicates that McKinnons happiness was short lived and as a result produced unhappiness from him quitting his job and splitting up with his girlfriend. The makers of the software RemotelyAnywhere subsequently had much publicity, however this is predominantly negative publicity as their software was used to commit crime. A small benefit may be that those wishing to commit crime, would buy their software more, even if this is not its intended purpose. A large amount of unhappiness would come from the owners of the network, the US government. The break-in has caused a large amount of embarrassment for the government, intensified by the claims that the security was weak. Even if the allegations that McKinnon deliberately caused damage are untrue, the cost of finding, tracking and fixing the break-in may be more co stly than the actual offense (Baase, 2003). This could be gauged both in terms of money and time. Utilitarian ethics assumed happiness can be somehow calculated. An action can be deemed correct if the total good minus the total bad is greater than that of an alternative (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2006). It is emphasised that the happiness is calculated based upon everyone who would be affected by the action. This is opposite to egoism, which is only concerned with the happiness of the individual undertaking the action (Johnson, 2001; Spinello, 1995). Based upon egoism, McKinnons actions are justified as he was acting purely for his own enjoyment with disregard for anyone else. However as he was caught, the sentence he will most likely receive may outweigh his current happiness. In weighing up the good verses the bad consequences of an action, the distinction must be made between act utilitarians and rule utilitarians. Baase (2003) gives the explanation that rule utilitarianism, applies the utility principle not to individual actions but to general ethical rules. (p.406). In evaluating this case study, it would be difficult to agree that computer hacking is always okay, as this is an invasion of privacy therefore creates much unhappiness. However an argument for applying this as a general rule may be given, as hacking large, private and ungoverned organisations such as the army navy or NASA would ultimately lead to them being more truthful and open about matters. Being honest and encouraging others to be truthful is something that a rule utilitarian would certainly agree with. This argument is of course independent of the allegations that McKinnon caused damage in his apparent search for secrets. The long term effects, in rule utillitarians perspective, coul d be that hacking prestigious governmental networks may cause panic amongst other network administrators or individuals which wish to have their data kept secure. It could likely lead those responsible in this case to lose their jobs. Knowing that data is not private and may be scrutinised can lead to individuals acting differently than they would otherwise; perhaps to the extent that inhibits them from doing their job as well as they otherwise would (Johnson, 2001). Allowing hacking to be justified in all cases may even lead to questioning if electronic data can be kept securely at all! Alternatively, had McKinnon uncovered evidence of UFO technology, the happiness generated would perhaps be greater than unhappiness, and may then be justifiable. Rule utilitarianism fails to foresee the inherent difficulties in predicting the consequences of every act of computer hacking, therefore it is difficult to apply from a practical point of view. Although it may be idealist to conclude that this is would only be suitable for a hindsight evaluation, a rule utilitarian would insist all other cases come into consideration. This is unrealistic and inherently flawed. Act utilitarianism is only concerned with the current action under scrutiny. In applying this to the current case study it was believed by McKinnon that the resulting happiness would far outweigh that of unhappiness. However Johnson (2001) highlights that in making decisions on current actions, the norm or general rules may only be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦abandoned in situations where it is clear more happiness will result from breaking them. (p.40). McKinnon acknowledges in the case that he gained little in evidence of UFO activity. It is presented that his motivation was to prove the US was withholding information on technologies including anti-gravity propulsion and free energy (Turton, 2009). However, McKinnon alluded to his friends that he had found little or no evidence. Bynum and Rogerson (2006) agree that in a utilitarian framework The risk and probabilities count alsoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (p.72). As McKinnon says that there was little previous evidence of UFO technology then surely accordi ng to a rule utilitarian he should not have ignored the general rule as it was not clear that his actions would result in greater general happiness, consequently it did not. It is identified in the case that McKinnon was only able to access the network due to the action of network administrators in leaving accounts without passwords. The actions of the network administrators would seem unethical under a utilitarian framework when considering the alterative of setting a strong password, which would have had a more desirable effect. Whilst it was not known in this case study if setting passwords would have denied McKinnon unauthorised access, the risk of not setting passwords, as identified by Bynum and Rogerson (2006), would have been extremely high, and the probability that someone would eventually exploit this also high. Whilst it is likely that this error was made due to carelessness rather than a conscious decision, the assumption is made that this was an action that could have been avoided. However this negligence does not automatically justify unauthorised access, under the utilitarian framework the total happiness must be weighed against unhappines s. The happiness generated by this negligent behaviour would primarily be for network administrators who would have been able to log on to machines without having to type passwords. Happiness would have been given to potential hackers too who were more easily able to access the network. Even though allowing hackers in may not have been intended, a utilitarian framework is purely concerned with consequences (Baase, 2003; Bynum and Rogerson, 2006; Spafford, 2006; Sinnott-Armstrong, 2006). As all affected individuals are judged equal (Bynum and Rogerson, 2006) the happiness of terrorists or other hackers must count as a positive consequence: Regardless of a persons station in life, each person is counts the same when the benefits and harms are added up (Bynum and Rogerson, p.71). Alternatively the US government may argue that the unhappiness was far greater from McKinnons actions due to the number of people that would have been affected by shutting down a network of computers. To take this stance the long term view must be disregard, that McKinnons action highlighted a serious security flaw that could have been exploited by a far more astute hacker. To delve even deeper into the realm of possibilities, by McKinnon hacking and getting caught on this occasion, he could have removed any chance of someone being able to hack US government computers ever again, perhaps at a time when hacking US computers would allow millions of lives to be saved. A common criticism of the utilitarian framework is the assumption that huge unhappiness could be justified upon one person for the sake of ten others. This argument could be countered by forcing the acknowledgement of long term consequences as well as the short term consequences (Johnson, 2001). For example, the case study (appendix A) must try and foresee the long term effects of the action. The majority of these long term effects are known as the act was committed back in 2001. Nether the less the unknown unknowns severely limit the reasoning behind making a decision on utilitarian principles. Even if it is believed all the alternatives, consequences and all individuals which will be affected by the consequences have been identified, how can these be verified? A posteriori knowledge may be useful in identifying these, that is, a decision that has been arrived at after the event or perhaps by applying what has happened before. A large issue arising from utilitarianism is that withou t the benefit of hindsight, it is difficult to apply practical reasoning to identify the outcome of an action. Deontological Deontology was first coined by C. D. Broad when he used it in a term to contrast that of Teleological theories based on outcome. However, a deontological approach could be best personified by the earlier work of Immanuel Kant (1785) in saying The moral worth of an action does not lie in the effect expected from it (p.13). Deontologists argue the morality of an argument is based entirely on intentions of ones actions. Immanuel Kant is often presented as the prime example of a deontologist (Baase, 2003). Kantian ethics argues that it is not the consequence that makes an action right or wrong; it is the intentions of the individual carrying out the action. Kant (1785) argues that It is not necessary that whilst I live I live happily; but it is necessary that so long as I live I should live honourably. (p.13). This statement suggests that upon making an honourable decision, this will be the correct thing to do and therefore Kant must assume that this will likely have good consequences. Deciding upon what is honourable and therefore what would be the right thing to do, is largely dictated by law. However other influences may come from upbringing, social characteristics or religious beliefs; for example, McKinnon may have been influenced by his own background in belief of UFOs. It would appear that McKinnons belief in UFOs influenced his actions. McKinnon hacked military machines in an effort to discover secret UFO technology, which would appear to be in conflict with a deontological framework as he is using the action as a mere means to an end. However, as Johnson (2001) points out, a deontological framework dictates that a decision is not used as just a means to an end; it may be justified if that end is moral. In applying this to the current case study we can define that the end result was to discover hidden UFO technologies; McKinnons means of doing this was through hacking. Even though McKinnon states he did not intend to cause harm, but merely look. This perhaps is justifiable if the end result was intended to give the world knowledge of these technologies. The stumbling block in this case is that McKinnon did not have authorisation to do this. Alternatively if the US Government had agreed that McKinnon may hack their computer system on the condition of not causing any damage and just to look, this would have been entir ely ethical on accordance to a deontological framework. It is difficulty to define McKinnons intent as he did not appear to find such evidence and secondly because he was caught. Kants specific class of deontology states I should never act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become universal law (p.14). This again is similar to that of a rule utilitarian, in that if an action cannot be justified on every occasion, if is unethical. In leaving admin accounts without passwords, the professionalism of network administrators may certainly be placed into question, yet it is difficult to identify a motive behind doing so. The key issue driving deontological ethics is the notion of motives. There does not appear to be a motive being this action just negligence. Johnson describes negligence as a failure to do something that a reasonable and prudent person would have done (Johnson, 2001 p.184). Johnsons definition quite adequately describes the system administrators who may have been responsible for leaving high level administrative accounts without adequate security. Therefore under a deontological framework, the actions of the network administrators was unethical. Apposition to Kantian ethics is largely twofold. Firstly, that Kants philosophy is grounded on a universal duty or maxim that can be accepted across the board, which begs the question of what should be adhered to if an action divides two moral maxims. In hacking military machines, McKinnon can only be acting upon his personal duty to find out the truth about UFO existence, but in doing so, ignored the duty to respect others personal property. This highlights the second major issue with Kants philosophy, which is, which maxim should take priority. The ethical principles outlined by Kant rely upon the basis of moral absolutism. This is contrasted by the views of W.D Ross. Ross defined seven initial or prima facie duties: Duty of beneficence: A duty to help other people (increase pleasure, improve character) Duty of non-maleficence: A duty to avoid harming other people. Duty of justice: A duty to ensure people get what they deserve. Duty of self-improvement: A duty to improve ourselves. Duty of reparation: A duty to recompense someone if you have acted wrongly towards them. Duty of gratitude: A duty to benefit people who have benefited us. Duty of promise-keeping: A duty to act according to explicit and implicit promises, including the implicit promise to tell the truth. (Johnson, 2001) Ross defines these as common duties (but in no way absolute) to be upheld regardless of the situation. For example the duty of promise-keeping may be ignored for the duty of beneficence. In light of Rosss variation of deontological ethics, McKinnons hacking of military machines may only be justified under the reason that he was acting upon his personal duty to find out the truth about UFO existence (the duty of beneficence). But in doing so, ignoring the duty to respect others personal property (the duty of non-maleficence). The predominant issue with applying a deontological framework is identifying the intent of an action, this is also somewhat marred by the fact that McKinnon has not yet been charged. McKinnons truthfulness may be contested because he is bias; he would likely say anything to get out of facing a possible extradition and prison sentence. There are suggestions brought forward from his prosecutors that insist McKinnon caused $700,000 worth of damage. The consequences of his action are disregarded under this framework (Kant, 1785), yet this may suggest that his intentions were not simply to find UFO technology. McKinnons actions would not be justifiable if his intentions were to cause damage. If it can be assumed that McKinnons actions were only to search for evidence then a deontological frame would dictate this is ethically justifiable. However, if Kants view is taken into consideration then is cannot be judged that hacking to search for secret technologies is universally justified. Virtue ethics Virtue ethics dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Aristotle believed in excellence in human character though upholding virtues (Tavani, 2007; Bynum and Rogerson, 2006). Virtues promote positive character although the list may be very long, such virtues include: responsibility, reliability, self-discipline, modesty, courage and integrity (Bynum and Rogerson, 2006; Johnson, 2001). Whereas utilitarian and deontological frameworks are centred on rules to apply, virtue ethics is about building moral character. In this case study McKinnon displays dishonesty by hacking the network without permission. As virtue ethics ignores the special roles of consequences, duties and social contracts (Tavani, 2007 p.65) therefore McKinnon and the US government must be seen as equals. This exposes McKinnon for acting without due consideration of his actions, and perhaps even foolhardiness to continue breaking in without authorization. Perhaps McKinnon could be seen as courageous for hacking such a powerful establishment, yet acknowledging the roles of the two actors (ibid) removes any hierarchy between the two. The case study beings to light accusations that McKinnon left threatening messages on desktops such as: I am SOLO. I will continue to disrupt at the highest levels. Threatening behaviour is not considered virtuous in Aristolean ideas. Presumably when McKinnon downloaded RemotelyAnywhere, there would have been an end user licence that he would have to agree to before he could use the software. This agreement dictates that the software be used for its intended purpose. McKinnon has showed dishonesty by disobeying this and using the software for hacking. Respect and quality is a key thought in virtue ethics (Bynum and Rogerson, 2006). The network administrators in this case study would not have acted responsibly or with integrity as it is alleged that they failed to take basic measures to ensure the network stayed secure. The US military who owns the network and data held on it, although not directly responsible, would not display reliability as they have been hacked at a time when they should have been on high alert. Rights-based Johnson (2001) described that in a rights-based framework the categorical imperative requires that each person be treated as an end in himself or herselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (p.47). This statement exemplifies the common parallels between deontological and rights-based ethics. Rights are heavily intertwined with law. For example the Data Protection Act gives individuals the right to know what information is being kept on them. Yet regardless of law, some philosophers argued that all humans possess some natural inherent rights. These rights can be seen as universal or human rights such as the right to life; Spinello (1995) gives the example of how these rights are universal in saying everyone equally shares the right to free speech regardless of nationality or status in society (p.31). Natural or universal rights are derived from the nature of humanity (Baase, 2003). Under rights-based ethics, legal rights come second to natural rights. The values of rights based ethics are similar to the principle for nonmaleficence. Baase (2003) states that, under rights based ethics an act is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦likely to be ethical if they involve voluntary interactions and freely made exchanges, where parties are not coerced or deceived. (p.407). In the case study there is evidence which suggests that the exchange of data was not done voluntarily. Therefore the action of McKinnon cannot be justified on that principle. Natural or human rights are seen as inherent and must be respected; this implies that an individual has the right not to be interfered with (Johnson, 2001). Therefore the right to privacy is not diminished by the poor security displayed within the case study. Although the network administrators did not set passwords, this does not automatically negate the right not to be interfered with. Similarly if someone forgets to lock their car this does not give someone else the right to take the car. Lax security would not matter if the right to privacy was upheld. The distinction between positive and negative rights must be given in applying a rights-based ethical framework to this case study. A negative right will free an actor from outside intervention, whereas a positive right would give the actor whatever is needed to fulfil an interest (Spinello, 1995). Negative rights are much more common than positive rights as it is difficult to draw the line as to where a positive right is limited. Johnson (2001) highlighted that whereas duty-based ethics is largely seen a deontological framework, it may be derived from a utilitarian principles on occasion. From a utilitarian perspective, in search of the greatest happiness, Mill argued that intellectual happiness was greater than sensual (Spinello, 1995). On the basis of this, it can be argued that McKinnon may have been over exerting his right to further educate himself, but intellectual happiness is greater in Mills brand of teleology, so his actions would be justified. Rights-based ethics derived from intent would argue that McKinnon has gone against the legal right prohibiting him from unauthorised access to the network and that he has also gone against the moral right to respect others privacy. From a rights-based ethical framework, moral rights take prescience over other duties or action people might have (Baase, 2003) therefore McKinnons actiosn cannot be justified. Legal Issues In applying ethical frameworks to any case study, personal morals are heavily intertwined. Law often overrides these morals. For example, ownership of what someone creates may be negated to that of the company which that person works for if that is in their terms of employment. Alternatively something which is viewed as ethically acceptable may also be against the law. At the very least, law influences moral judgement. There is much dispute over which country McKinnon should be tried. In analysing legal issues inherent within the case study it is firstly assumed that only UK laws apply to this case. It is apparent within the case study that Gary McKinnon did not have authorization to access the US networks. Immediately this is in violation of the Computer Misuse Act 1990, which states that an offence is committed if: (a) he causes a computer to perform any function with intent to secure access to any program or data held in any computer [or to enable any such access to be secured] ; (b) the access he intends to secure [or to enable to be secured,] is unauthorised; and (c) he knows at the time when he causes the computer to perform the function that that is the case. (Computer Misuse Act 1990, 1990) Clearly McKinnon was in breach of the Computer Misuse Act 1990. The case study acknowledges that McKinnon does not have authorisation and that he intended to access data regarding the existence of UFO technology. The maximum sentence for unauthorised access without intent to commit further offences is 5 years in prison. A more serious offence is committed when unauthorised access is gained à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with intent to impair, or with recklessness as to impairing, operation of computer, etc (Computer Misuse Act 1990, 1990) this holds a maximum imprisonment of 10 years. It is unknown and very difficult to determine what the intention of Gary McKinnon was; to date there is no evidence to suggest he intended to commit further crimes with the data he accessed. But claimed from his United States prosecutors indicate that he did intent to cause damage as he left a message on machines stating: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I am SOLO. I will continue to disrupt at the highest levels. (Turton, 2009). There are additional legal issues with regards to protecting data held on the network, and the professional requirements expected. It is indicated within the case that no personal information was accessed. This information is given by the US Military, which may be questioned as it would be to their advantage to deny that any personal information was accessed. The Data Protection Act (1998) dictates that the data controller must provide adequate security to protect personal information (Data Protection Act 1998, 1998). Failure to provide adequate security even though an accident is not an excuse as Cambridgeshire County Council most recently found out (du Preez, 2011). A member of staff lost a memory stick by accident; however the memory stick did not have encryption software installed as it should have when it contained sensitive data on it. Similarly the network administrators did not intend for McKinnon to access the network, yet they failed to provide security in the chance of this happening As McKinnon was able to access computer systems easily due to lax security, it is likely that the US and the network administrators would be in breach of this legislation.

Swot Analysis of Jollibee Foods Corporation

Introduction Jollibee Foods Corporation Company Background Tony Tan Cacktiong founder of Jollibee Foods Corporation tells a story about the success story of his company. There are many other stories about Tan and Jollibee that many people didn’t know about, and that would have remained unknown, If Tan hadn’t bested successful entrepreneurs from 30 other countries to win the â€Å"World entrepreneur of the year† Award in Montecarlo, Monaco, on May 28, 2004. Tan had always been low-key and media-shy.He was quiet happy to let his lieutenants do the talking for him to the press, actually – but his winning the award from the accounting firm Ernst & Young had forced him to agree to so many newspaper, magazine, and TV interviews later to tell them the story about the Jollibee story. After all it was he who won the award – not any of his lieutenants. Still, if Tan had always been reticent about telling the Jollibee story beyond his immediate circle of frien ds and acquaintances, he had been equally reticent-if not more so-about revealing his personal history to the outside world. This reticence comes from humility.Unlike many corporate leaders who trace their lineage to wealthy Chinese clans, and who had studied in the more prestigious schools, Tan had comparably very humble beginnings, with his family exactly mirroring the stark circumstances in which the early Chinese immigrants found themselves in Manila. His father had been an immigrant cook in Binondo’s Seng Guan Buddhist Temple on Narra Street before he opened a small Chinese restaurant in Davao City, where Tan and his siblings helped clean tables and get water to customers. It was his experience in his father’s restaurant that set Tan and his siblings on the road to entrepreneurship.In 1975, when he was set to graduate as a chemical engineer at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Tan and his family pooled P350, 000 to open 2 Magnolia ice cream parlors: Cubao I ce Cream House near the Coronet Theater, in the middle-class shopping area of Quezon city, and Quiapo Ice Cream House under the Quezon Bridge in Quiapo, Manila. The siblings themselves manned the cash registers and served as waiters. After two years, the siblings began serving chicken and hamburger sandwhiches, and in 1978, when they already had six ice cream parlors, they decided to convert their stores into hamburger restaurants and called the chain Jollibee.By that time McDonald’s entered the market in 1982, Tan was already entertaining dreams of growing the business outside the Philippines, and was neither interested in getting a McDonald’s franchise nor afraid of competing with the U. S. giant. Tan found McDonald’s very good at everything, but he thought it would not find favor with the customers because it served bland food (though McDonald’s has since started serving chicken, spaghetti and other great tasting value meals).McDonalds didn’t kn ow the culture like the Tan’s did, and they used that knowledge to advantage to thrive and eventually become the Philippines’ top fast-food chain. Paulino cheng, a Jollibee franchisee in Greenhills, San Juan, says the fast food chain owes it success to its great tasting food and its advertising campaigns extolling the brand and its mascot as part of the Filipino pop culture. Indeed, with affiliates Chowking, Greenwhich and Delifrance, the Jollibee group now counts over a thousand outlets here and abroad, 50, 000 employees and about P30 billion to 50 billion annual sales.Tan’s success in transforming Jollibee into a Filipino icon has led many entrepreneurs to dream about following in his footsteps, and analysts to heap praise on his entrepreneurial and people skills. Ernst & Young’s chairman, James S. Turley, has called his story â€Å"a truly inspirational one. † Howard Stevenson, professor of entrepreneurship at the Harvard Business School, descri bes Jollibee as a success story â€Å"based on solid foundations, not a meteor that will burn itself out. Says Lance Gokongwei, president of JG Summit Holdings: The success of Jollibee can be attributed to good leadership, vision and corporate culture. Company Logo Company’s Trademark Jollibee is known for its trademark: â€Å"BEEDA AND SARAP! † Proposed Picture Capital According to Mr. Chaze the service manager of Jollibee Foods Corporation at Dasmarinas Central Mall as I’ve made an interview with him, he said that before you enter this kind of business you have to consider so many facts to be able to have a business franchise like this.First you should have the enough capital of franchising this company raging from 30 million to 50 million pesos. Second fact is that, the company will take a look at your proposed location or best to say that they will make an ocular inspection on where you plan to put up the business to check out if it will have a great amount of customer, and the last one and the most important fact to consider is that the company will take a look at your income or budget and to your other properties to see if it will fit or will be able to raise or support the franchise when crisis came.The 4 P’s of the Business Product As history tells about Jollibee, It was once an ice cream parlor before, until the time that Tan and his family came to see the opportunity to come up with new products to serve. On 1977, they began selling chicken and hamburger sandwiches, and in 1978 the family of Tan decided to convert their 6 ice cream parlors into hamburger restaurants. As time came by, after all the successful years of Jollibee, In this new generation, they were widely known for their best selling products the â€Å"chicken joy†, and the Jollibee’s hamburger which is also known as the â€Å"Yumburger†.Tony Tan Cacktiong used his knowledge of Filipino taste and culture to turn Jollibee into a true Filipi no icon. Place One of the important factors to consider before you can have this kind of business is the place or location, before you can say that this spot is best for the location of your franchise you should ask these question, â€Å"who are the target customers in this site? †, â€Å"what are the possible threats in this location? †, â€Å"Who are the competitors in this area? †, â€Å"Is the place suitable for the kind of business I will establish?Or vice versa†, If you are able to answer all of these presiding questions then you are now on your road to survival in establishing a business. Of course in minding your four P’s, the place is the most critical among the four. You have to consider everything. According to Mr. Chaze, you have to make sure that the place where your business franchise will be built should be in a very crowdy place. Given the examples are near the schools, malls, market place, subdivisions and etc. Price Franchisees ar e given the right to use the franchiser’s trademark in franchising.Then franchisers are providing full support to franchisees in terms of staff training, research and development, advertising and promotion. However, franchisees follow strict standards and run their outlets by the book. So in terms of pricing, franchisees needs to abide the rules and regulations in price setting according to the book of rules of the company. If the company changes their price on the products, so will the franchisees be. Overall, the prices in all Jollibee stores are based on the main office of the company. PromotionIn terms of promotion, the Jollibee foods corporation promotes their products through advertising in TV commercials and radio stations, Sponsorship, tarpaulins, and promo’s like tipid cards. If they have new offers in purchasing their product, they made it through personal or suggestive selling. Like their latest offer now the â€Å"happy plus card†, this card is a rel oadable card wherein you can buy their product without paying cash. You can also earn points for rewards. The bigger points you have, the bigger reward you may get. SWOT Strengths of the company 7-Eleven convenience storeCompany History The 7-eleven chain of stores started when an ice dock operator in Dallas, Texas began selling bread, milk and eggs to customers on Sundays and evenings-when grocery stores were closed- apart from the ice blocks they bought to keep in their boxes at home. The idea for the convenience store chain began in 1927 at the Southland Ice Company in Dallas, Texas. 7-elevens first outlet was known as tote’m stores because the customers â€Å"toted† away their purchases (some even lugged Alaskan totem poles in front The name 7-eleven originated in 1946; when the stores were open from 7a. . to 11 p. m. It wasn’t long before 7-eleven stores were open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Company logo Company Trademark 7-eleven is known for it†™s gulp and Slurpee products. It is open 24/7. Capital In getting a franchise of a 7-eleven store, you should have at least a starting capital of 5 million to 10 million, this is only for the name of the company. For the stocks, you should have an another million for sustaining the needs of your store in order to meet also the needs of the customers.